清前期国内贸易政策初探

清代官方的商业政策是针对不同的商业人群和商业活动而制定的。其商人按照其经营方式划分，分为从事纯商业活动的商人（行商和坐商），包买商（既从事手工产品的生产又兼营商品的买卖），商人大地主及经营高利贷者三类。按照其经营性质划分，分为民商（一般商人）；官商（经营食盐的商人）和洋商（行商）三类。此外还有漕运和海运两种商业形式。清初期政府实施的商业政策主要有“减免商税”；“控制牙行、埠头”；“打击粮贩投机”；“放开非商品性产品”；“放开漕运贸易”等政策。

The clear earlier period domestic trade at the beginning of policy searches

The Qing Dynasty official commercial policy is aims at the different commercial crowd and the trade activity formulates.Its trade according to its management way division,divides into the merchant who is engaged in the pure trade activity(peddler with storekeeper),the merchant-buyer(both is engaged in manual product production and concurrently camp commodity business),commercial big landlord and management usury three kinds.According to its management nature division,divides into the people to discuss(ordin...