协迫、意思自治、公平原则与其他——也谈合同法中协迫的构成及其法律后果

公平原则与意思自治原则是私法中两项最基本的指导原则,也是维护社会稳定,保证交易安全的前提、条件与基础。协迫作为一种瑕疵的意思表示,不仅破坏了社会所推崇的公平原则与意思自治原则,危害了正常的交易秩序并造成当事人之间利益关系的混乱与失衡,同时也给合同关系带来了诸多变数。本文旨在探讨因协迫而订立之合同的法律性质,协迫与欺诈、错误这类瑕疵意思表示的差异,协迫与暴利的区别,以及当事人一方的行为在被定性为协迫后对合同双方所造成的法律影响。

The Constitution and Consequence of Coercion in Private Law

Coercion is a compulsion by physical force or threat of physical force.The influence of coercion occurs where one party to a contract has threatened the other that the other's independence of decision was materially undermined.So in the field of Macao contract law,coercion is con- sidered a species of invalid juristic acts based on the improper conduct of one party,and the vulnerability of the other.This article gives a brief introduction of coercion,with its theoretical backgrounds and legal practice of the private law of Macao.Meanwhile,the doctrines of co- ercion in other countries and areas such as Germany,France,Russian,Mainland and Taiwan, are discussed as well.