百分比量化逻辑初探

传统逻辑和标准量化逻辑在分析自然语言命题时,只使用全称和存在两种量词,把自然语言中的非全称的量化命题都当作存在命题来处理,然而在自然语言中除了全称量词和存在量词外,还有复量词、百分比量词等。自然语言中许多根据复量词和百分比量词的逻辑意义而进行的直观上正确的推理在传统逻辑和标准量化逻辑中都是无效的。显然,复量词和百分比量词不能当作存在量词来处理,它们有着不同的逻辑意义。

A Tentative Probe into Percentage Quantification

In traditional logic and standard quantification logic two kinds of quantifiers are used when a proposition of natural language is analyzed. They are universal quantifier and existential quantifier. And in traditional logic and standard quantification logic a non-universal quantified proposition of natural language is regarded as an existential proposition. However, besides universal quantifier and existential quantifier, there are plurality quantifiers and percentage quantifiers, etc. In traditional logic and standard quantification logic, it is invalid to carry out intuitively correct reference according to the logical meaning of plurality quantifiers and percentage quantifiers in natural language. Obviously, plurality quantifiers and percentage quantifiers cannot be deal as an existential quantifier, and they have got the different logical meanings. The article deems that plurality quantification can be built on the foundation of percentage quantification. If the varied range of bounded variable is a finite class, standard quantification logic and traditional categorical logic become special cases of percentage quantification,and percentage quantification is a more general quantification theory in use.