《齐物论释》与章太炎的"内圣外王"之道

章太炎的名著《齐物论释》通过以佛解庄阐明了自己的“内圣外王”之道。“内圣”即自由,“外王”即平等。所谓自由,是指佛家“常乐我净”的涅槃境界。所谓平等,是离言绝虑的,既不可说,也不可知,因而,“不著名相,不生分别”,“任其不齐”,才能达到平等。太炎平等观的提出,其诱因主要是帝国主义的殖民扩张和西方世界的“物役性”。他的“内圣外王”之道是他救世理想的两个步骤。因而,与作为“隐者”的庄子、作为“适世者”的郭象相比,作为《齐物论释》作者的章太炎,实际是宣传民族、民主和民生主义的彻底革命论者。

Qi Wu Lun Shi and Zhang Taiyan's Ways of Inner Sageliness and Outer Kingliness

Zhang Taiyan's works Qi Wu Lun Shi clarifies his own ways of inner sageliness and outer kingliness by expounding the philosophy of Zhuang Zi in Buddhist tradition.His inner sageliness means freedom,and outer kingliness,equality.But,while the freedom refers to the nirvana of eternity,bliss,personality and purity,the equality remains to be unspeakable and refuses any interpretation.Thus,to be equal is to be natural with no regard to differences.That is to say his notion of equality is not within the reach of eastern and western definitions.In Qi Wu Lun Shi,the philosophy of Zhuang Zi is expounded in Buddhist tradition(mainly Fa-hsiang School),refusing any name and phenomenon to support the notion of equality,which has been motivated by colonial expansion of imperialism and material desires of western world.Zhang Taiyan's ways of inner sageliness and outer kingliness is actually his two steps of salvation.Thus,compared with Zhuang Zi who lived in seclusion and Guo Xiang who adapted himself to circumstances,Zhang Taiyan is in fact a man who spreads the idea of thorough revolution for Nationalism,Democracy and People's livelihood.