交通部与民初的电政革新述评

交通部在民国初年致力于电政革新事业，其举措之一是推行电政国有。电政国有是交通部在电政方面的指导思想，交通部也做了不少的工作，然而由于当时中国处于列强的环伺之下，各个列强之间在该问题上由于利益一致，对北洋政府均采取推延无赖政策，而北洋政府又没有勇气采取断然措施，以至于它的既定政策难以贯彻。举措之二是提升服务。交通部在服务领域的努力一是严格保障军需，军需在民初的电政经营中占有最重要的地位，这也是电政的性质所决定；二是改良电政设施以利民用，由于当时民生凋敝，各种不法行为较多。举措之三是强化管理。交通部强化管理表现之一是现代会计的初步建立，二是完善章程，三是协调上下级关系。上述之外，还值得提及的是致力于加入国际电气联合会。由于当时政治局面纷纷扰扰，交通部内部也是内耗连连，截至民国五年（1916）时，北洋政府并没有能够加入该协会。总之，交通部在电政领域的革新举措，极大地推动了民初我国邮电事业的近代化。其中所存在的问题，在今天依旧颇多借鉴意义和价值。

Comment on Relation between the Reform of Telecom Post and the Ministry of Communications in the Early Republic

In the early republic, the Ministry of Communications devoted itself to reform Telecom Post; one of its move business innovations was to implement the administration of the state-owned. Telecom Postal state-owned was the guiding ideology of the Ministry of Communications in telecommunication and post, and the ministry of communications also did a lot of work. But China was in camouflage powers which had same benefits in Telecom Postal state-owned and the Beiyang government had no braveness to take drastic measures, so the policies made by Beiyang government was difficult to carry out. The second was to promote the service. Because of the character of Telecom Post, one of these efforts made by Beiyang government in service was to ensure security munitions which had the most important business status in Telecom Post. The second of these efforts was to promote facilities of Telecom Post for civil use; but people lived in destitution and there were all sorts of wrongdoing, therefore reform for Telecom Post, such as the development of trolley, was very hard. The third of these efforts was to improve management. The Ministry of Communications took three measures in improving management: first, to build modern accounting; second, to perfect the association constitution; third, to coordinate the relationship between the higher and lower levels. Besides, at that time China made efforts to join the international electrical federation. Because the political situation was confusing and the Ministry of Communications also had internal friction repeatedly, the Beiyang government could not join the international electrical federation even in the fifth republic year. All in all, the reforms for Telecom Post made by the Ministry of Communications promoted greatly modernization of Post and Telecommunications in the early republic. The problems existing in the reforms are still of much significance and value today.