好意同乘致害减责规则的正当性

我国《民法典》第1217条明确好意同乘致害的责任承担方式为机动车交通事故责任。当好意同乘被纳入机动车交通事故责任领域进行讨论，实质上其已被定性为侵权行为，而非基于好意无偿运送他人的纯粹情谊行为。好意同乘致害责任的减轻规则最初来源于域外立法，但此减责规则已随着机动车的普及、责任保险的发展以及对同乘受损人权益的加大保护而被废除。当前，为了鼓励友善互助而规定的好意同乘致害减责规则，不仅未重视域外法环境的改变，而且在同乘受损人的权益保护方面，既未达到侵权法上矫正正义的基本要求，也未能完全体现社会主义核心价值观的应有之义。因此，可将《民法典》第1217条的适用限缩在精神损害赔偿领域，并从保险和社会安全制度构建上补强其正当性。

A Study on the Legitimacy of Damages Liability Reduction Caused by Free Riding

Article 1217 of Civil Code clarifies that the liability for damage in free riding as the liability for motor vehicle traffic accidents. According to this, offering free riding is of the nature of a tort, rather than just good intentions to transport others free of charge. The rule of reducing driver's liability for damage in free riding traffic accidents originated from foreign legislation, but has been abolished with the popularity of motor vehicles, the development of liability insurance and the strengthened protection of the rights and interests of the injured person. The legislative purpose of the Article 1217 is to encourage people to help each other, but it ignores the change of legal environment outside China. The basic requirements of corrective justice have not been met in terms of protecting of the injured person, and the core socialist values are not upheld entirely. The legitimacy of Article 1217 should be strengthened by limiting its application in the field of compensation for mental damage, and a corresponding insurance and social security system should be established.