居民参与社区环境治理的行为研究

推动居民参与是社区环境治理的重要内容，也是治理理论在社区层面应用的前提，但居民参与行为及影响因素这一重要问题尚未引起足够重视。基于环境社会治理视角提出居民行动力度的概念，采用太原市和昆明市1 896份调查数据，构建“情境—过程—影响”的理论框架，利用结构方程模型分析居民参与社区环境治理行动力度、影响因素及可能产生的影响之间的关系。研究结果表明:（1）居民平均行动力度偏低，参与层次不高，尤其在公共领域参与程度不足、决策性行为参与较少；（2）“情境”因素对居民参与力度和满意度具有显著正向影响，且社会资本和治理要素的影响效应高于制度环境的影响；（3）居民参与力度对满意度具有显著正向影响，且在“情境”因素对满意度的影响中具有显著中介效应；（4）居民参与社区环境治理的“情境—过程—影响”路径关系中表现出明显的性别、受教育程度及城市特征差异；（5）培育社区治理情境、提高居民行动力度是推动治理理论有效落地和社区环境治理良性运行的核心举措。研究结果对理解居民参与行为及治理理论的适用性具有重要意义。

Research on Behavior of Residents’ Participation in Community Environmental Governance

Promoting residents’ participation is not only an important part of community environmental governance, but also a prerequisite for the application of governance theory at community level. However, the issue of behavior evaluation and influencing factors of residents’ participation has not received enough attention. In this paper, the concept of residents’ participation intensity was put forward from the perspective of environmental social governance. Based on the survey data of 1896 residents in Taiyuan and Kunming, the theoretical framework of “context-process-impact” was constructed and structural equation model was adopted to analyze the relationship between participation intensity, influencing factors and possible impact of residents’ participation in community environmental governance. The results are as follows. (1) Residents’ average participation intensity and the participation level were not high, especially the participation in the public sphere and behaviors for decision-making were insufficient. (2) The “context” factors had a significantly positive impact on residents’ participation intensity and satisfaction, and the impact of social capital and governance elements was higher than that of institutional environment. (3) Residents’ participation intensity had a significant positive impact on satisfaction, and a significant mediating effect in the relationship of “context” factors and satisfaction. (4) There are significant differences in the relationship path of “context-process-impact” for residents with different genders, educational levels and living areas. (5) Cultivating community governance elements and improving residents’ participation intensity were the core measures for promoting effective implementation of governance theory and the benign operation of community environmental governance. This study is of great significance to understanding residents’ participation behavior and the applicability of governance theory.