文人创作与明代话本的文人化

明中叶以后 ,随着文人走入话本创作领域 ,明代话本呈现出明显的文人化趋向。文人作家将科举考试、文人发迹、文人与官吏的冲突、才子佳人的恋情都写进了话本小说中。文人作家将话本体制改造得更加规范与典雅 ,题目均用工整的对偶 ,入话的功能发生了变化 ,正话中韵文大量删减 ,这些都渗透了文人的审美意识与文化素养。话本的文人化大体经历了三个阶段 :宋元时期 ,话本主要反映市民的生活与思想 ;“三言二拍”时期 ,文人题材与市民题材平分秋色 ,市民已打上文人烙印 ;“三言二拍”之后 ,话本主要反映文人的生活与思想。

The Creation of Literati and Literati Stylization of Huaben in the Ming Dynasty

After the mid-Ming, with literati's involvement in its creation, Huaben (popular fiction in colloquial style) featured noticeable tendency of literati stylization. Literati writers produced Huaben with accounts of Keju examination, literati gaining fame and fortune, conflicts between literati and feudal officers and romance between gifted scholars and pretty ladies. Literati writer made the structure and style of Huaben much more formal and elegant: titles all adopted neat antithesis; the function of opening words of Huaben had been changed; verse in the main body was greatly reduced and deleted. All these showed literati's aesthetic standards and cultural attainments. The development of literati stylization of Huaben generally experienced three periods: during the Song and Yuan periods, Huaben reflected the living and the thinking of common people; during the period of Sanyanliangpai (Collections of Selected Five Huaben), literati subject and the subject of common people had equal shares but the subject of common people had been marked with literati's brand; after that, Huaben mainly reflected literati's living and thinking.