朱元璋与中外“表笺之祸”

清代史家赵翼将明代因表笺文字触犯朱元璋忌讳而获罪致死，称为“表笺之祸”。“表笺之祸”为前代所无，乃朱元璋以文字杀人之一大“发明”。朱元璋专横跋扈，疑忌重重，喜怒无常，在处理国内君臣关系与邻国朝鲜的关系中，屡兴“表笺之祸”，给国内君臣关系与中朝两国关系的正常发展，带来严重的后果与影响。

Zhu Yuanzhang and Misfortunes Out of Memorials and Letters

In the Ming Dynasty, some officials were convicted or even killed only due to certain words used in their memorials and letters to the then-emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, who tabooed some words and topics. Zhao Yi, a historian in the Qing Dynasty, named such misfortunes as ＂ Biao Jian Zhi Huo＂. This unprecedented conduct can be called a ＂grand invention＂ of the presumptuous and moody emperor, who imposed more than once severe punishment on not only his ministers but also the kingdom＇s neighbor Korea, doing great harm to the monarch-minister relation and the bilateral relation between two countries.