二战后美国原子能国际控制政策的形成及失败

第二次世界大战结束后,核时代来临的现实迫使美国政府关注原子能国际控制问题。杜鲁门总统最终采取的方案拒绝了以玻尔为代表的科学家和史汀生等政治家"分享原子秘密"的建议,加剧了苏联在原子能问题上对美国动机的怀疑,而巴鲁克计划对否决权的规定,有利于维护美国的核优势地位,更使美苏调和成为不可能。美国原子能政策的制订过程与美苏关系走向冷战是同步进行的,这项政策既是冷战的诱因,又是冷战的结果。

American International Control Policy over Atomic Energy in the Early Postwar Years

After the end of the Second World War, with the coming of nuclear age, American government had to pay attention to the question of the International Control over Atomic Energy. The policy, which was adopted by President Truman, refused the proposal of sharing atomic secret with Russia , which was advocated by professor Bohr and by some Statesmen such as Henry Stimson. In this way, it stimulated the Russia's mistrust towards the America in the matter of atomic energy. Moreover, during the negotiation of the Baruch Plan, the provision about the veto benefited America and made it impossible for the United States and the Soviet Union to reached a compromise. What is more, the making of the policy of American atomic energy and the relationship between the USA and the Soviet Union 's stepping forward the Cold War nearly happened simultaneously. This policy is not only the cause but also the consequence of the Cold War.