'综合休闲参与理论框架'及其对跨文化休闲研究的影响

'综合休闲参与理论框架'阐述的是影响实际休闲参与的三个层级的假定因素（包含人格/个性特点、生理和心理需要等概念的普遍层级，包含内在动机、外在动机及无动机的环境/背景层级，以及包含态度、主观规范、感知行为控制、意图、休闲制约因素和应对制约因素的方法的情境层级）及其之间假定的相互关系。这些因素及其相互之间的关系尽管可以很大程度上被理解为具有文化共通性，但还是有许多不同点。对加拿大人及美国人与中国人及海外华人的对比研究表明：高度内在动机驱使下的休闲活动具有举世普遍性的特征；休闲参与总的来说是随不同文化对其重视程度的不同而不同的。

An Overview of a Comprehensive Leisure Participation Framework and Its Application for Cross-Cultural Leisure Research

The comprehensive leisure participation framework,identifies the global(i.e.,personality traits,physiological and psychological needs),contextual(i.e.,intrinsic motivation,extrinsic motivation,and amotivation),and situational(i.e.,attitudes,subjective norm,perceived behavioral control,intention,leisure constraints,leisure constraint negotiation) factors that are presumed to affect actual leisure participation,as well as the presumed relationships among them.It is important to note that all three levels are encompassed by culture,which suggests a universalistic approach such that these factors and relationships are construed to be largely similar across cultures but that important differences can and do exist.Some of the concepts that compose the comprehensive leisure participation framework vary cross-culturally—especially between Canadian and American,and Chinese and overseas Chinese,while most of the framework’s concepts likely function in a similar manner across cultures.