文明起源和形成的理论研究(下)

三、继承前人成果 ,创建完整的科学的文明形成理论上文我们已分别讨论了近年流行的关于文明起源形成的三要素、四要素、五要素、一要素诸说。不能不指出这些说法都缺乏完整性、科学性和充分的理论阐述。早在 1 9世纪 ,恩格斯就在摩尔根及马克思研究的基础上 ,全面探讨了文明形成的理论。恩格斯所提出的文明形成的各项标志 ,形成一个完整严密的理论体系。而且恩格斯还科学地论述了各种文明要素在文明形成过程各阶段中的发展变化 ,严格划分了文明形成各阶段的不同特征 ,特别是文明形成前的最后阶段———野蛮时期高级阶段与文明时期的根本区别…

Researches in theory of origin and formation of civilization

Summarizing the achievements and problems of theory of origin and formation of civilization in the academia at home and abroad, according to the common conditions of origin and formation of civilization of every country in the world , exploration and discrimination of the different courses and the different standard in the different steps those are the chief contents of researches in the origin and formation of civilization. On that foundation the intact and scientific theory of formation of civilization only can be established to fetch up the one-sidedness of "three-chief-element", "four-chief element" and "five-chief element" of the various view-points of the formation of civilization in the academia at home and abroad, and the different time when the chief elements of civilization were produced,the courses including germination, rudiment and last step of formation of civilization are strictly discriminated.