中国现代美学的话语空间与方法论转型

中国现代美学呈现出中西美学“交互转换”的情景:西方美学经历本体论、主体论之后,最终打破了主客二分的哲学认识论话语模式和无限膨胀的主体自身,而是以意象派、现象学为代表,采用非理性、意象直观等思维方式试图返回经验事实;而中国现代以来则是引介西方资源重塑美学学科,从学科框架、话语方式到哲学背景都是参考西方美学理论资源,以现代性启蒙的姿态和审美独立的话语诉求建设学院化的美学知识形态。这两者“交互转换”的话语空间使我们认识到:美学自诞生之日起就决定了与审美实践天然的联系,并且试图以感性的力量探寻人的本质存在问题。同时,也能看到现在美学在发展过程中所失落的古典话语资源,并且也使中国现代美学和西方现代美学站到了同一起跑线上,这恰恰是中国现代美学价值重塑和发展的机遇。感性直观和审美文化构成了未来中西美学发展的双向维度,“体验——反思”的方法论转型也适应了未来美学的发展需要。

The Discourse Space of Chinese Modern Aesthetics and Methodology Transformation

Chinese modern aesthetics illustrates the "interaction" of Chinese and Western aesthetics: after ontology and subjective philosophy, Western aesthetics finally broke the subject-object dichotomy epistemology mode of philosophical discourse and the unlimited expansion of subjectivity, and was then represented by imagism and phenomenology, adopting irrationality and using imagistic, intuitive thinking manner, in order to return to experience itself; at the same time, modern China has been introducing Western resources to reshape the aesthetic subject, referring to Western aesthetic theories in the framework, the discourse and the philosophical background of the discipline, as well as using the Enlightenment attitudes and independent aesthetic discourse to reconstruct academic knowledge of aesthetics. This "interactive conversion" discourse space allows us to conclude that aesthetics from the date of birth was innately related to aesthetic practices, and tried to search the fundamental truth of humanity with sensitivity. At the same time, we witness the loss of classical discourse resources in the development of aesthetics, and we are thus standing on the same starting line with modern Western aesthetics. This fact also provides an opportunity for the transformation and development of modern Chinese aesthetics. Intuitive sensibility and aesthetic culture constitute the bidirectional dimensions of the future development of Chinese and Western aesthetics. The methodology transformation of "experience-reflection" is also adapted to the needs of the future development of aesthetics.