中国区域碳减排责任分摊研究——基于共同环境责任视角

区域间碳减排责任分摊，是制定节能减排政策的一大关键难题。为合理确定各区域碳减排责任，基于投入产出方法对中国区域间产品贸易隐含碳排放进行测算，进而按照共同环境责任原则确定各区域碳减排责任比重。在此基础上，将中国2020年减排目标逐年进行区域分摊。研究发现:中国碳排放存在由资源富裕区域向沿海发达地区转移、由沿海向中部区域转移的基本特征；2006—2020年中国累计应减少碳排放量随经济增长速度的提高而增加；中部地区分摊的减排任务最重，京津区域减排任务最轻。为实现总体减排目标，国家应对中部、西北等区域进行财政补贴，鼓励其调整产业和贸易结构，淘汰落后产能，降低碳排放强度；同时，应激励东部沿海区域对能源富裕区域进行资金、技术和人才支持。

Research on Regional Responsibility for Carbon Reduction in China --Based on the Common Environment Responsibility

The distribution of responsibilities for carbon emission reduction for different regions is a hard nut to crack for the energy-saving and emission-reduction policy. To determine regional responsibilities for carbon reduction, this paper applied the input-output method, and calculated the embodied CO₂ in regional trades. Aiming at providing quantitative references for the government, it determined the regional proportion of responsibility from the perspective of common shared environmental responsibility, and apportioned the 2020 emission reduction target of China. The main results show that: there is a basic characteristic in the transfer of carbon emission, that is, from the resource-rich regions to the developed coastal regions and from the coastal regions to the central regions. The amount of carbon emission reduction increases along with the increase of economy in 2006-2020; the central regions are allocated the largest task of reducing emissions, while the Beijing and Tianjin region is allocated the least. In order to achieve the overall emission reduction targets, China should give financial subsidies to the central and northwest regions, encourage the structure adjustment of industrial and trade, eliminate backward production models and improve the carbon intensity. At the same time, it is very important to encourage the coastal regions to support the energy rich regions by capital, technology and personnel.