中国公共服务外部购买的实证分析——一个治理转型的角度

公共服务外部购买是涉及公共服务提供模式和治理的创新政府行为。本文旨在提供一个测量公共服务对外依赖程度的概念框架和计算框架,并据此对中国公共服务外部购买水平作实证性的分析。实证测量表明,在2001～2004年间,中国公共服务外部购买的总体水平处在20%～30%之间的一个幅度约为5个百分点的区间,并显示出年均1个百分点的增长趋势。这表明中国公共服务提供已经从封闭自持的系统,发展为相当程度对外依赖的开放系统。中国公共服务外部购买主要依托了中国国家能力重点由汲取转向支出,同时国家治理资源外部化的大背景;通过利用增长的国家财力购买外部治理资源,实现治理资源的内部化和治理质量的提高。政府必须增强网络治理的意识和能力,积极构建一个复合、稳定和多元开放的以政府为核心的国家治理网络。

A Case Study on China's Public Service Outsourcing——in the Perspective of Governance Transformation

The public service outsourcing is related to the patterns of public service(PS)and to the governmental behavior of creation in control.In this paper,we intend to provide a conceptual and calculating framework for measuring the degree of the reliance of PS on outsourcing,and thereby to make a case study on the level of China's PS outsourcing.The actual measurement indicates that,in the period of 2001 to 2004,China's PS outsourcing expenditure was maintained at the aggregate level of 20% to 30%,at a range of 5% change,and that 1 % was the annual increase in trend.This shows that China's PS supply system has no longer been a closed and self-supporting one,but an open one with significant dependence on external supply.China's PS outsourcing has mainly relied on the macro-background of both the shift of China's state capacity from extraction to spending and the externalization of the national control over resources.By means of the use of the increased state financial resources to purchase external governance resources,the internalization of controlling resources and the increase in controlling quality have been realized.The government must improve its awareness and ability in control over network,and actively construct a state-centered,stable,multiple and multiply open state governance network.