老年人口养老意愿的社会学分析

随着老年人口的不断增加和社会养老资源供给人口的持续减少,如何赡养老年人已成为极具挑战性的现实问题。老年人的养老意愿,应该成为选择和确定社会养老制度的重要依据。全国城乡老年人口调查数据显示,老年人口的家庭关系和家庭地位受教育水平、身体状况、居住地域以及职业类型等多方面因素的影响,而人口特征、社会地位和家庭情况等变量影响着老年人口在共同生活模式、独自生活模式和福利院模式之间进行选择。因此,通过对中国城乡老年人口养老意愿的社会学分析,可以揭示养老模式的发展变化规律,总结养老意愿在社会养老制度设计中的重要地位,为决策提供科学依据,为此类问题的深入研究奠定理论基础。

A Sociological Analysis of Endowment of the Elderly

With aging of the population and decreasing of social resources support for the elderly,it is a challenging problem how to support the elderly.The construction of social security institution should be based on the wishes of the elderly.The data from an investigation on the elderly in both urban and rural areas showed that many factors had effect on family relationship and family status of the elders,such as education level,health situation,occupation and living area.There are three endowment patterns,living with sons and daughters,not living with sons and daughters,living in nursing homes.The choice of endowment wish is based on population characteristics,social status and family situation.Through the sociological analysis of endowment wish for the elderly,it can reveal the rules of social security for the elderly.The study could provide theoretical support for institution construction.