1957年费孝通重建社会学的遭遇

1952年院系调整后,社会学专业被取消,社会学研究者大部分被迫改行.1956年,如何发挥知识分子积极性的问题引起国家的重视,毛泽东提出了双百方针.面对相对宽松的政治环境和社会转型期大量亟待研究的社会经济问题,费孝通、吴景超等老一代社会学家启动了社会学重建运动.但是,反右运动中断了社会学重建的进程,由于被定性为反党反社会主义的"资产阶级社会学"复辟运动,参与重建运动的社会学家遭到政治上的整肃,有的甚至被划成右派分子,如费孝通,遭遇了疾风暴雨式的大批判.社会学重建的中断造成学术传承的断裂,社会学、经济学、法学、政治学等"资产阶级社会科学"被认为是伪科学、反动的学科,在中国大陆被迫中断近30年.

Hsiao-tung Fei's Experience of Reconstructing Sociology in 1957

In the wave of adjusting disciplines in PRC in 1952,sociology as a discipline was called off and sociologists had to give up sociology.In 1956,the State began to consider how to motivate the intellectuals and Mao Zedong brought out the policy of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.In face of the new loose political landscape and the urgent problems arising during the social transformation,sociologists like Hsiao-tung Fei and Ching-chao Wu began to reestablish sociology as a discipline in China.However,their attempt was cut short and designated as a restoration movement by "capitalist sociologists" who were against the Communist Party of China and socialism.They were politically purged and some of them,for instance Hsiao-tung Fei,were even branded as Rightists and severely criticized.The failure to reestablish sociology as a discipline led to a gap in academic studies,and such disciplines as sociology,economics,jurisprudence and political science were regarded as pseudo-sciences and reactionary disciplines and abandoned for almost 30 years.