拉萨出租车行业流动人口调查

拉萨出租车市场经历了从无偿经营到有偿经营、从顶灯的计划审批到市场化拍卖的阶段,随之出租车从业人员的民族构成也经历了从以当地藏族为主体到以外来汉族为主体的结构性转变。本研究试图解释这种转变的宏观背景和内在机制,并试图通过抽样调查所得到的信息,对目前拉萨市出租车从业者的基本面貌做出概述,特别关注这些外来车主、驾驶员的流动方式,居住模式,与当地人关系和他们对政府机构的评价。笔者认为,正是政府治理模式的转变引发了从业者结构的变迁及市场竞争的恶化,因此,当地政府也许需要考虑改变对这一行业的管理模式,积极介入顶灯拍卖的市场化经营,扭转市场力量主导的局面,同时不断完善对出租车行业的立法、管理和服务,使其更好地为当地的生产、生活服务。

Investigation on Temporary Migrants of Taxi Industry in Lhasa

The pattern of government control on taxi market in Lhasa has experienced two stages in recent years:first without fees and mainly by planning approval,and another by fees and auction.Along with these changes,the ethical structure of taxi drivers has also experienced two stages:from Tibetans as the main body to immigrant Han People as the main body.With this background,this paper attempts to explain the macro-situation and mechanism of this transformation,and to analyze the basic characteristics of taxi practitioner in Lhasa using the information collected from a survey,especially focusing on the following topics:the mobile and resident patterns of these immigrant taxi drivers as well as taxi owners,their relationship with local residents and their evaluation about the government agencies.The paper concludes that it is the change of the pattern of government control on taxi market that has changed the structure of practitioner and has deteriorated the competition.Thus,in order to improve the situation,the local government should consider changing the pattern of control,take active part in the auction so that to restructure the current situation that is dominated by market forces.At the same time,the legislation,administration of and services for taxi market should also be improved.