二元经济社会结构与中国农村发展

中华人民和国成立以后,国家选择了重工业超前发展战略。为保证这一战略实施,国家采取了农产品统购统销、城乡分割的户籍制度和人民公社制度等政策和体制手段,人为地促成了城乡经济社会二元化的格局。二元经济社会结构阻碍了农业的发展,影响了农业劳动生产率的提高,使农民收入长期在低水平徘徊,妨碍了农民整体素质的提高。二元经济社会结构下农民承担了巨额的工农业产品价格剪刀差负担、不公正的税费负担和公共物品负担。这一切都导致了中国农村发展的滞后。中共十六届五中全会提出了建设社会主义新农村的重大历史任务,十七大进一步强调推进社会主义新农村建设。在社会主义新农村建设过程中,消除二元结构,统筹城乡发展,是科学发展共建和谐之必然。

Dual Economic Social Structure and the Development of Chinese Countryside

After the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, our country adopted the strategy of developing the heavy industry in advance. In order to guarantee the implementation of this strategy, the government adopted the system of state monopoly for purchase and marketing of agricultural products, the household register system of the division of city and countryside together with people's commune system only to facilitate the social structure of dual economy in city and countryside. The social structure of dual economy hindered the agricultural development, affected the enhancement of agricultural labor productivity, caused the unchangeable situation of farmers' low income for a long time, and impeded the elevation of farmers' overall qualities. Under the social structure of dual economy, farmers undertook the burden of the large amount of the price difference between industrial and agricultural products, the unfair burden of taxes and fees as well as the burden of public goods. All these resulted in the lagging of rural development in China. The Fifth Plenum of the 16th Committee of the CPC proposed a significant historic task of building the new socialist countryside; the 17th National Assembly of the CPC further emphasized advancing the building of new socialist countryside. In the process of building new socialist countryside, the elimination of dual structure and the overall plan of urban and rural development are inevitable to scientific development and building of harmony.