国家五年规划战略设计的公共政策分析

在五年规划的战略设计过程中，不同的规划环节，需要采用不同的公共政策分析方法：首先是对五年规划战略设计的背景进行分析，在这一过程中，需搜集大量的信息和数据，宜采用情景诊断法描述过往政策的运作效果，讨论当前及今后需要解决的关键问题；第二是运用混合扫描模型明确政策方向，提出未来五年的重大任务及应对策略；第三是目标设计环节，需要从系统观视角出发，以“顶层设计”视角，构建整体目标框架体系，该阶段采用系统规划方法；第四，确定政策目标之后，需要对不同政策方案加以评估，选择政策方案，采用制度评估法。最后，还要通过政策评估督促政策的实施。目前，五年规划的战略设计中还存在一些有待改进的方面，如：规划定位不清晰，规划衔接和决策机制不健全，规划编制及实施缺乏法律依据等。未来，应加强五年规划的立法及法律保障。

A Public Policy Analysis on the Strategic Designing of National Five-Year Plans

Different methods of public policy analysis should be used at different stages of the strategic designing of the Five-Year Plans.First,in the process of analyzing the background of the Five-year Plans designing,a large sum of information and data should be collected,and situation diagnosis meth-od should be adopted to describe the efficiency and performance of the past policies and to explore the solutions for current key issues or problems that will emerge in the future.Second,the mixed-scanning model should be applied to identify a clear policy direction and the major missions and strategies for the next five years.Third,the target designing should be approached from the perspectives of"system outlook"and"top designing",to construct a general target frame with the systematic planning meth-od.Fourth,after the policy obj ective is chosen,the system evaluation method should be utilized to e-valuate and determine the best policies.Finally,policy assessment is also essential for pushing for-ward the implementation process.Presently,some improvements are demanded in the design of the Five-Year Plans,such as the unclear positioning,imperfect cohesive devices and decision-making mechanism,and lack of legal basis in the making and implementation of the plans.Legalization of the Five-Year Plans should be strengthened in the future.