论国民政府国营与民营经济范围之划分

南京国民政府成立后即根据孙中山的发达国家资本理论,提出了划分国营民营经济范围的问题,其政策设计与实践大体经历了三个时期:抗战前的初步界定、抗战时期国营范围的空前拓展与民营范围的急剧萎缩、抗战胜利后国营范围的调整压缩与民营范围的扩大。国民政府的上述政策有其合理性,但更存在着重大错误,政策的设计自相矛盾并与实践严重脱节,因而直至其政治垮台,都未能拿出一个切实可行的划分方案。产生上述问题的关键是决策者思想上的严重分歧,特别是对民生思想的错误理解和对民生生活的长期忽视。

The Business Delimitation between the Public and Private Sectors: On the Design and Practice of the Economic Policies during the KMT Regime

From 1927 to 1949,the KMT Government,based on Sun Yat-sen's theory of developing state capital,had been designing and practicing the policies of delimitating the business scopes between the public and private sectors.This process underwent roughly three stages:First,the preliminary definition before the anti-Japanese war;Second,the rapid expansion of public investment and the sharp decline of private sector during the war;Third,the adjustment of and the brake on public investment and the expanding private investment after the war.Although the policies of GMT Government show somewhat rationality,the inherent faults are clear.Owing to the self-contradiction of the policy designs and the inconsistence between the policies and practice,no feasible designs had been worked out until the collapse of the regime.The failure is rooted in the serious disagreement among policy-makers,especially the policy-makers' misunderstanding and neglect of Sun Yat-sen's principle of People's Welfare.