非物质文化遗产知识产权法保护的障碍:原因及对策

后《非物质文化遗产法》时代,知识产权法对非物质文化遗产保护的障碍值得进一步深入研究。基于哲学家波兰尼对编码知识与意会知识的分类方法,可以发现非物质文化遗产本体,即其属性与知识产权法预设保护的对象属性的不同,是非物质文化遗产私法保护障碍的深层次原因,印证了调整对象决定调整方法的法理。进而,从实证角度分析了知识产权制度和非物质文化遗产制度中相同的“保护”称谓不同的现实含义,并从不同保护模式与对象不兼容度的角度,讨论了现有以知识产权制度保护非物质文化遗产尝试的局限及改进。

Obstacles of intellectual property law protection of intangible cultural heritage: causes and countermeasures

In the post-Intangible Cultural Heritage Law era, the obstacles of intellectual property law to the protection of intangible cultural heritage deserve further study. Based on the philosopher Polanyi’s classification method of coded knowledge and tacit knowledge, it can be discovered that the ontology, or the attribute of intangible cultural heritage is different from the attribute of the object protected by the intellectual property law. It is the deep-seated causes for the obstacles of private law protection of intangible cultural heritage, which confirms the legal principle that the adjustment object determines the adjustment method. From an empirical point of view, the different practical meanings are further analyzed of the same appellation of “protection” in the intellectual property system and the intangible cultural heritage system. And the limitations and improvement of the existing attempts are discussed to protect intangible cultural heritage with intellectual property system from the perspective of different protection modes and object incompatibility.