中国人的信仰认同模式以儒教信仰为中心

英语中的“宗教”，就西方基督教而言，是一种制度宗教；汉语中的“宗教”，则不一定指称宗教制度。中国儒教当然不等同于西方语义中的制度宗教，但无疑是一种具有宗教特征的信仰结构。杨庆堃所谓“扩散宗教”的概念，与本文讨论的中国“信仰”，及其在权力秩序和制度宗教之外那种私人、扩散式的信仰认同模式非常相似。为此，本文把儒教的信仰认同模式作为个人信仰与他人信仰、儒教信徒与其他社会成员的互动结果，并以信仰“认同”作为儒教的行动单位，同时亦作为一种分析工具，经由对儒教信仰认同规则的考察，讨论儒教信仰及其信仰群体的建构逻辑，进而分析儒教信仰经纬中中国社会的模式及其演变路径。

The Faith Model of the Chinese:Centered around the Confucian Beliefs

As far as Western Christianity is concerned， “religion” in English refers to the institutional religion， whereas in Chinese “religion” does not necessarily mean religion at its institutional level. Confucianism of China is certainly not equivalent to the institutional religion in the English semantics； nevertheless， it is a faith system characteristic of religion. The so called “diffused religion” concept from C. K. Yang is very similar to the faith model of the Chinese discussed here in this paper， and also similar to the private and diffused identity belief model outside the power order and institutional religion. So， the Confucian identity model in this paper is regarded as a result of the interaction between the individual’s private faith and other people’s faith， and between followers of Confucianism and other social members. Meanwhile， belief identity is regarded not only as the action unit of Confucianism， but also as a tool for analysis. To discuss Confucianism and its faith followers’ construing logic through an examination of the regularities in the Confucian belief identity， we will be able to analyse the patterns and developmental course of Confucian beliefs that have governed Chinese society.