俄罗斯现行刑事辩护制度若干评析

中国的刑事诉讼制度，包括律师辩护制度，长期以来深受前苏联的影响，现在，俄罗斯的刑事辩护制度发生了重大的根本性变化，这些变化对于中国刑事辩护制度的改革有重要的参考价值。本文从三个方面对俄罗斯刑事辩护制度进行了探讨：第一，辩护人介入诉讼时间提前，对于保护被告人的合法权利提供了可靠的制度基础；第二，力图建立控辩双方平等对抗的诉讼机制，有利于促使法官平等地考虑控辩双方的意见从而更客观地作出判断；第三，新型辩护制度在实施中面临的问题及产生这些问题的原因，说明任何一项新的制度的确立都需要相关制度的保障。

Analysis of the current criminal defense system of Russia

Chinese criminal action system,as well as the system of advocacy,has been influenced by that of the soviet union for a long time,great changes have taken place in the criminal defense system of Russia,which is of very important value to the reforms in that of China.This article talks about this issue from three aspects.First,the earlier intervention of the defender prouides a reliable foundation for protecting the legal rights of the defendant.Second,the establishment of the action mechanism that the prosecuting party and the defending party have the equal rights in the confrontation will enable the judge to consider equally the opinions of the two parties so as to make a proper judgement.Third,the problems encountered in the practice of the new system and the cause of them indicate that any new system can really work as expected only when it is protected by other relevant systems.