农业供给侧改革与提高要素生产率

商品供不应求的时代，经济增长主要是由需求拉动，矛盾的主要方面是需求，重点解决市场“供不应求”的问题；当商品供求平稳，某些商品供大于求的时候，矛盾的主要方面是供给，重点是解决供给“质量和效率”的问题。后者主要表现在供给不能适应需求的重大变化而做出及时的调整。农业供给侧改革是因市场功能被扭曲而导致要素配置被扭曲倒逼的。农业供给侧改革就是通过完善市场机制，发挥市场在要素配置中的决定性作用，矫正行政配置要素而造成的扭曲现象，以提高要素的配置效率。而要提高农业要素的配置效率，就必须深化市场取向改革，让农村劳动力和土地有序流动起来，以及加快新型城镇化步伐，使农业现代化和城镇化同步发展。农业供给侧改革是系统工程。

Supply-side Reform in Agriculture and Improvement in Total Factor Productivity

Economic growth is demand-led when the market is in short supply where the key lies in the demand side.However，when there is no supply shortage or in some cases there is even oversupply，the problem lies at the supply side and the solution is to tackle “quality and productivity”，which is manifested in that supply does not adjust to changes in demand.Supply-side reform in agriculture is necessary because of factor misallocation which itself results from market distortion.Supply-side reform in agriculture thus requires the improvement of market mechanism so that market can play a central role in factor allocation.It is to correct the distortion arising from factor allocation on the base of administrative power.To improve factor market allocation efficiency in agriculture，it is essential to deepen reform in agriculture such that labor and land can be orderly mobile and a new model of urbanization can proceed more rapidly，which requires the simultaneous development of both agricultural modernization and urbanization.Supply-side reform in agriculture is a systematic project.