从科层管理到共同体治理：长江经济带流域综合管理的模式转换与法制保障

在科层管理体制下，分割的行政区域管辖和部门管理体制容易使长江流域生态环境治理陷入“碎片化”困境，从而偏离流域整体性治理和公共治理要求。为此，需要推动治理模式从科层管理向流域共同体治理转变，使政府、企业、公众等主体基于伙伴信任关系与共同利益形成参与、合作、共同担责的流域社会集合体。从法制层面看，为实现流域共同体治理目标，应在借鉴域外经验基础上结合本国实际推动《长江法》立法进程，构建权义明确、多元融合的共同体治理主体制度，形成中央引导、流域管理机构协调、地方参与的磋商合作制度，构建完善信息公开与公众参与制度、流域环境污染和生态破坏联合防治制度和多元纠纷解决机制，为流域共同体治理提供政策法律保障。

From Hierarchical Management to Community Governance:Mode Transformation and Legal Protection of Integrated Governance in Yangtze River Economic Belt

Under hierarchicalgovernance,the segmented administrative regional jurisdiction and department governance system tend to cause a predicament of fragmentation in the ecological environment governance of the Yangtze River Basin,deviating from the requirements of the integrated and public governance.Therefore,it is necessary to promote the transformation of governance model from hierarchical governance to watershed community governance,so that the government,enterprises,the public and other main bodies,based on the partnership of trust and common interests,can form a social collective of participation,cooperation,and shared responsibility.From the aspect of legal system,in order to realize the goal of river basin community governance,we should draw lessons from foreign experience and combine them with our own reality,promote the legislative process of "Yangtze Law" and construct a system of community governance subject which has clear right,responsibility,and pluralistic integration.This consultative and cooperative system,guided by central government,coordinated by watershed management organization,and locally participated,with mechanisms of perfect information disclosure,public participation,joint prevention and control of environmental pollution and ecological damage in river basins,and multiple dispute resolution,provides policy and legal protection for watershed community governance.