白字戏来源研究概述——兼谈剧种研究之方法

潮剧与白字戏历史上是同一个剧种,都叫做白字戏,鉴于白字戏来源问题的众说纷纭及诸多疑惑,在研究剧种的形成时一定要从构成剧种的基本要素——演出主体、戏剧产品及戏剧受众三方面综合审视,孤立地看待研究对象则难免片面。基于此,乡社祭祀赛会是白字戏生存发展的温床,而外来剧种是其由小戏成熟为地方剧种的催化剂,地方小戏与外来剧种都是形成白字戏的不可或缺的两大要素。

Survey of Sources of Baizi Opera Research

Chao Opera 潮剧 and Baizi Opera 白字戏 are originated from the same opera. Both of them used to be called as Baizi Opera. This paper is a review of the researches to clarify the various opinions and confusables about the origins of Baizi Opera, and suggests a method exploring the opera research on the whole. The method argues that the study of the formulation of operas start with essential elements constituting opera, which include the subjects of performance, the product of opera and the audience of the opera. The isolated treatment of the research objects tends to produce biased results. On this basis, the author contends that the rural fete meetings were the seedbeds for the survival and advancement of Baizi Opera, while the operas from outside are the catalyzer that activated the maturity of the minor operas. Both the minor operas and the outside operas are indispensable parameters for the formulation for Baizi Opera.