“调解优先”:政策考量与程序规制——以程序保障为视角的分析

2009年最高人民法院“调解优先,调判结合”工作原则的确立,标志着人民法院民事司法政策发生了重大变化,但却未引起民事诉讼法学界的关注.笼统地说“调解优先”并不科学,应从案件性质、发生地域、诉讼程序和法院审级等方面进行细化分析.“调解优先”的司法政策容易导致对不顾当事人意愿强制调解的担心,必须采用以当事人对席的方式进行调解,调解方案应依照预测的判决提出等有效的程序保障手段加以规制.

Policy and Procedural Regulation in Priority of Mediation:from the Perspective of Procedural Safeguard

In 2009,the principle of "giving priority to mediation and combining mediation with judgment" was determined,which symbolized the significant change of the civil justice policy of People’s Court,but it has not been paid enough attention to in the field of the civil procedure law jurisprudence.Generally speaking,"giving priority to mediation" policy is incomplete,and should be analyzed in details from aspects of the nature of the case,the region of the dispute,the procedure of the litigation,the policy of the trial level,etc.The judicial policy of "giving priority to mediation" is tended to incur a worry about the compulsory mediation against the litigant’s will,so some effective procedure means,including the reconciliation scheme constrained by entity law,the reconciliation persuasion with the litigant’s ex-prate debate,must be taken for regulation.