从"三斤鱼"的歧义现象看个体名词与度量词的相互搭配(一)

“数 度量 个体名词”结构在所指事物的个体数量上存在歧义现象,同一个异质个体事物名词分别加个体量词与度量词时存在有不同的语义变化,加度量词时表示的一定是人类领域意义上的同质“个体性”事物的类,侧重事物的属性。这种语义变化的制约性因素来自于度量词与个体名词两方面:前者从空间属性角度对事物“类”的计量分割,与度量词使用中的“利益原则”,造成了个体名词与之搭配度量词时所发生的一系列语义变化;而后者三个不同层次上的语义特征“[±有生]”、“[±个体同质]”、“[±属性突显]”,制约了个体名词内部次类同度量词的搭配选择,并由此给个体名词进行了下位划分。

Collocation of Individual Nouns with Measure Words in Terms of Ambiguity in "Three jin of Fish"

The structure which is characteristic of "number measure word individual noun",is ambiguous when it is used to denote numbers and quantities of things.It has some semantic changes when the same heterogeneous individual noun collocates with individual quantifiers or measure words.When the same heterogeneous individual noun is in collocation with measure words,it denotes the kind of homogeneous "individual" things in the human sense,highlighting the features of things.Tie restrictive factors for semantic changes are caused by two aspects: measures words and individual nouns.The former classifies the "kind" of things from the perspective of the spatial features;the "interest" principle in the process of collocation of individual nouns with measure words results in a series of semantic changes.The latter shares three semantic features of different levels: "",""," ",which restrict the choices of collocation of the interior sub-type of individual nouns with measure words and hence sub-classify individual nouns.