制度与能动：论新时期党的组织工作的创新发展

中国共产党的组织工作具有范围最广、角色最重、作用最稳定等特征。强制度和强能动这两个方面的因素及其配置的均衡协调是组织工作和组织部门取得重要地位的根本原因：党的组织形式和干部体制对组织工作给予了强有力的支持，组织工作的实施主体则通过积极的工作策略长期保持优势地位。在全面从严治党的条件下，组织工作在制度和能动这两个方面都发生了新的变化，规范性的制度支持进一步强化，主要表现在对干部党员的规范进一步向“德”偏移、组织手段的刚性约束以及工作覆盖面和职能的进一步扩大。而能动行动方面的相对不足，则可能导致腐败滋生和干部的不作为、多元社会对组织工作权威性的削弱以及刚性制度对工作韧性的挑战等问题。新的能动建设策略要强化激励保护功能，包括确立三个“之家”建设的重要地位，将人才工作作为组织工作的重要任务，使组织工作更加公开和透明等。

Institution and Initiative: Innovation and Development of the Party’s Organizational Work in the New Era

The characteristics of the organizational work of the Communist Party of China lie in its broadness, importance and stableness. Obviously, such characters demonstrate the leadership and action modes of the Party and offer a meaningful research perspective to explore the rules and secrets of China’s politics. Inspired by institutionalism and actors theory, the author follows the research methods of institution-structure-process-result in the research into the organizational work in respect of its form, characteristics, dynamics, essentials, and implementation strategies. The essential reason for the organizational work and organization department being at a central place is the balanced coordination and allocation of the two factors — a strong institution and a strong initiative. On the one hand, the form of the party organization and cadre mechanism create a forceful support system for the organizational work. The organizational committee starts during the revolution and has the revolutionary gene which helps its establishment of the vertical leadership system centered with the party cadres and of the complex network structured on the basis of the party members. This kind of organization structure and mechanism coordinates the mobilization and organization — the two political actions. Therefore, it has strengthened the power of the Party and established the center position of disciplining the cadres and the party members in the organizational work. On the other hand, the implementation of organizational work sets up a battery of generally accepted standards and evaluation methods by means of developing the inner-party regulations to promote the consensus concepts. The active construction of Home of the Party Members″, ″Home of the Cadres″, ″Home of the Talents″, etc. has strengthened the inner-party incentive function, creating a clear image of the model department. These positive work strategies enable the organizational work to retain an advantageous position in the long run. Under the condition that the Party be strictly disciplined in all aspects, new changes have taken place in institutions and initiatives. The normative institution supports are further reinforced. This can be seen in the norms of disciplining the cadres and party members which increases the importance of morality and virtue when reviewing cadres. It can be seen in the reinforcement of the organizational work by emphasizing strict constraints in the organization operation. It can also be seen in the further expansion of the scope and content of organizational work and in the expansion of the functions and work coverage of the organization departments. However, in terms of initiatives, it is relatively insufficient. This may lead to corruption in the process of strengthening the overall leadership. Cadres are prone to political inaction when trapped and constrained by the demand from them for perfection. At the same time, it is also faced with the problem of a weakening authority in the pluralistic society and with the challenge of less work resilience brought by the over-strict organizational institution. In order to meet the needs of the party to organize and mobilize all possible forces in the new situation, it is urgent to construct the initiative of the organizational work. The new initiative construction strategy should reinforce the incentive protection function, such as establishing the important status of the construction of three ″Homes″ as mentioned above, conglomerating the talent work into the organization work system, further breaking the mysteriousness and changing it into openness and transparency, so as to make the strong initiative of the organization work into a forceful power for the implementation of the institution.