试论清代诗人寿苏雅集及其文化心理

寿苏雅集源于清人宋荦，被翁方纲、毕沅等人发扬光大，至乾嘉年间逐渐风靡全国。寿苏雅集的流行既与组织者及参与者的个人心态密切相关，又有着深刻的社会文化背景。这种特殊的集会活动一方面要求组织者自身有一定的文坛影响力和经济实力，使活动能够顺利开展并持续下去；另一方面也要求祭拜对象具备强大的感召力，能够满足祭拜者的精神需求，引发心灵共鸣。在雅集中所展示的画作及诗人们的唱和作品中频繁出现的头戴斗笠、脚着木屐、洒脱不羁的苏轼形象，正是诗人们在繁忙的世俗官场之外渴望拥有的乐观豁达、潇洒从容的另一个自我。虽然清人亦曾为白居易、欧阳修及黄庭坚等人祭祀生日，但其规模、持续时间及影响力都不能与寿苏相提并论。清人寿苏传统还被日本学者长尾雨山传到京都，并有《寿苏集》流传于世。

A Study on the Gathering and Responsorial Activities in Commemoration of Su Shi's Birthday Conducted by Qing Poets and Their Cultural Psychology

First proposed by Song Luo of Qing Dynasty and promoted by celebrities like Weng Fanggang and Bi Yuan, the gathering and responsorial activities in commemoration of Su Shi's birthday in Qing Dynasty was a significant cultural phenomenon which turned into a nationwide ritual during the years of Qian Long Emperor and Jia Qing Emperor. Such popularity was closely connected with the personal attitudes of the organizers and participants, as well as with the social cultural backgrounds. Firstly, these people worshipped Su Shi since their childhood. This worship developed into an affectionate bond with Su Shi and his works because of Shi Zu Su Shi when they served as government officials.. Secondly, to correct Ming poets' statement that ″authentic poetry started from Tang,″ some Qing poets gradually shifted their eyes to Song poetry, which, to some extent, gave impetus to the commemoration of Su Shi. However, the switch to Song poetry was not the primary impetus as there were lots of Qing poets who did not favor Song poetry but respected Su Shi. Lastly, in the subtle political background in Qing Dynasty, commemorating prominent scholars of the past generations became an important channel for intellectuals to express themselves. To hold this special commemoration, on the one hand, the organizers should have considerable influence in the literary circle and have sufficient economic power to sponsor it; On the other hand, the objects of worship should have strong charisma to satisfy the spiritual needs of intellectuals. In consistence with the standard of ″deep insight into human beings and reflection on the society,″ the worshipped person must meet the double requirements of great literary talent and morality and. Su Shi was the perfect idol in whom the Qing poets reposed their ideals and hopes. Owing to this, the image of Su Shi in the artworks presented during the commemoration was stereotyped as wearing a bamboo hat and geta, graceful and at ease, mirroring the optimistic, elegant, and unrestrained side of intellectuals when they were away from the political arena. Although there were several commemorations in honor of Bai Juyi, Ouyang Xiu, Huang Tingjian, their scales, influences and duration could not compare with the commemoration of Su Shi. Furthermore, the commemoration of Su Shi was introduced to Japan by Changwei Yushan, a Japanese artist, which was recorded in Collection of the Gathering and Responsorial Activities in Commemoration of Su Shi.