产业发展与环境结构扭曲的新结构环境经济学解释

党的二十大报告中提出要加快发展方式绿色转型,绿色转型立足于产业发展现状和资源环境承载能力,因此解释和处理产业经济发展与环境体系之间的关系至关重要。遵循新结构经济学理论底层逻辑,基于新结构环境经济学视角,围绕产业发展方式偏离比较优势原则所造成的环境结构扭曲现象,构建了理论分析框架,提出绿色技术选择指数概念以识别环境要素禀赋比较优势偏离程度,剖析产业污染与自生能力的内生和传导机制并提出相关假设,采用2007—2021年长江经济带化工产业省级面板数据进行实证检验。研究结果表明:要素禀赋结构比较优势偏离将导致产业自生能力缺失和污染加剧,引发环境结构扭曲；环境要素相较于生产要素,比较优势偏离造成的扭曲程度更严重；新结构环境经济学将环境纳入生产要素投入,重新定义区域要素禀赋结构,更加适配现阶段社会经济发展的理论指导需求；长江经济带化工产业发展存在一定程度的结构性扭曲,在环境规制和产业存续的压力下进退两难。为了实现产业可持续发展,发展方式绿色转型路径的构建需从环境要素禀赋出发,政企携手通过政策手段和市场机制内生最优结构,形成良性循环。

New Structural Environmental Economics Interpretation of Industrial Development and of Environmental Structural Distortion

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to accelerate the green transformation of industrial development mode. Green transformation is based on the current status of industrial development and the carrying capacity of resources and environment, and it is crucial to explain and handle the relationship between industrial economic development and environmental system. Therefore, following the underlying logical chain of new structural economic theory and based on the perspective of new structural environmental economics, a theoretical analysis framework is constructed around the distortion of environmental structure caused by the deviation of industrial development mode from the principle of comparative advantage. The concept of green technology selection index is proposed to identify the comparative advantage of environmental factor endowment, analyze the endogenous and transmission mechanisms of industrial pollution and endogenous capacity, and propose relevant hypotheses. Empirical testing is conducted using provincial panel data of the chemical industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2007 to 2021. The research results indicate that deviation from the comparative advantage of factor endowment structure will lead to a lack of industrial viability and intensified pollution, leading to distortion of environmental structure. The distortion caused by the deviation of comparative advantage in environmental factors is more severe compared to production factors. The new structural environmental economics incorporates the environment into the input of production factors, redefines the regional factor endowment structure, and better adapts to the theoretical needs of current social and economic development. And the structural distortion in the development of the chemical industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt exists under the pressure of environmental regulations and industry survival. In order to achieve sustainable development of the industry, the construction of a green transformation path for development needs to start from environmental factor endowment, and the government and enterprises should work together to generate the optimal structure through policy means and market mechanisms, forming a virtuous cycle.