营造“包容性空间”:国际化社区的治理策略研究

营造包容性空间,构建包容性社会,加快推进空间治理的现代化进程,是现代化治理的重要目标。基于江苏省南京市Q社区的空间营造案例,从社区空间营造策略的视角出发,剖析国际化社区如何营造包容性空间。研究发现,基层政府基于中国居民与外籍人士的空间服务需求,运用多元参与、互动协商、文化治理等软性手段,通过建设人与居住地、社会、自然相融合的表征的包容性空间,组织温度、服务与文化协同相融的包容性空间的实践,构筑开放、包容与共享的包容性空间的表征等方式营造包容性空间。在营造包容性空间的过程中,基层政府空间营造行动的关键策略是采用“分型管理、内育外引”的主体包容策略、“内外兼修、空间包容”的技术包容策略、“多元网格、协商自治”的制度包容策略及“制度共融、成果共享”的结果包容策略,其根本目标在于打造国际化社区的治理共同体。包容性空间的治理技术对优化基层政府的空间治理能力、提升居民的参与水平与再造国际化社区秩序有积极效应,但亦潜藏多主体协同失序、政社关系掣肘、族群关系区隔、文化不稳定及包容性制度偏差等失灵风险。因此,基层政府需厚植多主体合作的治理机制、经营包容性空间的“适度性”,以利于国际化社区善治目标的实现。

Creating An Inclusive Space: Research on Governance Strategies for International Communities

Creating inclusive spaces, building inclusive societies, and accelerating the modernization process of spatial governance are important goals of modern governance. Based on the spatial creation case of Community Q in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, this paper investigates how to create inclusive spaces in internationalized communities from the analytical perspective of community spatial creation strategies. It is found that, according to spatial needs of both Chinese residents and foreigners, grass-roots governments apply soft means such as diverse participation, interactive consultation, and cultural governance through building inclusive spaces characterized by integrating people with their residence, society and nature, organizing friendly, service-oriented and cultural inclusive space activities and constructing open, inclusive and shared spaces. To achieve the fundamental goal of building internationalized communities of governance, the key strategies for grass-roots governments are to adopt the subject inclusiveness strategy of “differentiated management, internal cultivation and external attraction”, the technical inclusiveness strategy of “internal and external cultivation and spatial inclusiveness”, the institutional inclusiveness strategy of “diverse grid, negotiation and autonomy”, and the consequence inclusiveness strategy of “institutional integration and achievement sharing” in the process of creating inclusive spaces. The governance technology of inclusive space has positive effects on optimizing the spatial governance ability of grass-roots governments, enhancing the residents’ participation level and rebuilding the order of internationalized communities. However, certain failure risks, such as collaborative disorder of multi-agents, constrains on political and social relations, ethnic segregation, cultural instability and institutional deviation of inclusiveness are also hidden in the governance processes. Consequently, the grass-roots governments should establish a governance mechanism of multi-agent collaboration and create moderate inclusive spaces in order to achieve the goal of effective governance.