铝合金激光增材制造技术研究现状与展望

激光增材制造技术在现代工业发展中发挥了重要作用,为实现高精度制造以及复杂大型制件的生产,铝合金激光增材制造成为当前的研究热点。针对目前铝合金激光增材制造技术在试验过程中出现的粉末流动性差和铝合金的氧化严重以及熔池冷却时温差梯度过大等问题,综合国内外研究现状指出采用基体预热方法可以有效降低熔池冷却过程中的温度梯度,多次重熔可以降低气孔和球化的产生,新型合金粉末Al Cu/Al Zn可以降低铝合金的氧化问题。针对研究中存在的问题,提出建立有效温度控制机制来减少气孔、脱落等现象和研发激光增材制造新型专用粉末将会成为以后研究的重点。

Research Status and Prospect of Additive Manufacturing in Laser by Aluminum Alloy

Laser additive manufacturing technology plays an important role in the modern industrial development, in order to realize high precision manufacturing and production of complex large sized parts, aluminum laser material manufacturing becomes the hotspot of current research.Aiming at the problems of poor fluidity, serious oxidation of aluminum alloy and excessive temperature gradient during cooling process in the aluminum alloy laser additive manufacturing technology, it was found that the matrix preheating method effectively reduced the temperature gradient, multiple remelting could reduce the new generation of pores and spheroidization, Al Cu/Al Zn alloy powder could reduce the oxidation of aluminum alloy. In view of the existing problems in the research, it is pointed out that the establishment of effective temperature control mechanism to reduce the porosity and shedding and the development of special powder for laser material manufacturing will become the focus of future research.