小农经济结构与女性家庭角色——基于20世纪30年代微观数据的探析

本文利用1938-1940年间的满铁实地调查数据，讨论了中国华东与华北地区经济结构的不同特色对女性在小农经济家庭中的经济角色差异的影响。通过构建计量模型，控制住可能影响家庭经济福利水平的家庭特征变量及县区特征变量，检验结果显示，20世纪30年代，华北地区女性在家庭中作为男性的辅助劳动力，女性劳动力占有比例对家庭经济福利水平毫无影响；而华东地区女性主要从事副业生产，对家庭经济福利水平具有显著的正向影响。也就是说，华东与华北地区的不同的小农经济结构导致女性劳动力在小农家庭中扮演着不同的经济角色。

The Small-scale Peasant Economy Structure and the Female Roles in Family:An Analysis of the Micro Data in 1930s

This paper, based the data of thefield survey in 1938-1940 by South Manchuria Railways Co., discusses the different characteristics of economic structure between east China and north China which lead to the different economic role of women in the small-scale peasant economy families. After controlling the family characteristics and county characteristic variables that may affect the level of family economic welfare , the econometric modelanalysis shows thatwomen in north China are as auxiliary of male labor in the family , and the female labor force ratio has no influence on the family economic welfare; However , women in east China mainly engaged in sideline production , and the female labor force ratio has significant positive impacts on family economic welfare. That is to say , the different structure of the small-scale peasant economy between east China and north China lead to the different economic role of women in the small-scale peasant family.