在调和与融通之间：唐宋变迁视野下的三教互动

直至中唐以前，佛教与道教虽曾各倡调和之论，历朝君主也有调和之举，但都是对三者关系的外在安顿，儒佛道之间真正融通并未措手。大约中唐前后，佛教完成了中国化进程，道教尽展本土宗教的全部特色。儒学也自觉危机，遂由韩愈肇其始，而由宋代理学家最终毕其功，融汇佛道的合理精髓，再构宋学的思想体系，最终夺回三教关系的话语主权。在此过程中，佛道两家进一步将儒学价值观自觉纳入教义，主动向儒家靠拢。而宋代君主作为最高统治者，尽管个人在崇道好佛上各有轩轾，却始终以调和三教为基本国策，但仍有值得抉发的历史细节，勾划出统治者从三教调和的外在安顿向三教融通的格局砥定的政策走向。这些变化与互动，构成了思想领域中唐宋变革的一大主题。

Between Harmony and Integration: Interaction of Three Religions under the Vision of Tang and Song Dynasties

Until before the mid Tang Dynasty, Buddhism and Taoism once initiated reconciling theory respectively, and successive monarchs also moved to reconcile, but the real harmony among Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism was not realized. Buddhism accomplished its sinicization before and after the mid Tang Dynasty, and Taoism showed all the characteristics of the native religion. Confucianism felt the crisis consciously; hence with Han Yu Zhao beginning, and the Neo Confucianism in Song Dynasty finally completed its function, reasonably blended the Buddhism, reconstructed Songs ideological system and eventually regained sovereignty discourse of the relationship among the three religions. In this process, Buddhism and Taoism put Confucianism values consciously into their doctrines; took initiative to be close to Confucianism. And the kings of Song Dynasty as the supreme rulers, although they had individual worship of Taoism and Buddhism, they always took the reconciliation of the three religions as the basic national policy; there are still valuable historical details to explore and draw the policy trends of the rulers from reconciling three religions externally to the integration of three religions. These changes and interactions constituted a major theme of the transformation of the Tang and Song Dynasty in the field of thoughts.