试论中泰两国瑶语的词汇差异

泰国瑶族源自五岭地区的湖南、广西、广东,在脱离母体后,泰国瑶语发生了变化。在词汇构成方面,两地瑶语的差异主要体现在:泰国瑶语较多地保留了民族固有词和文化习俗词,而国内瑶语有些固有词已不见于口语,仅存留在歌谣里,大量的文化习俗词也逐渐消失;泰国瑶语中的借词除共有的老汉语借词外,还有泰语以及其他东南亚语言借词,国内瑶语则限于汉语西南官话借词;泰国瑶语新词的借用方式倾向于半音译半意译,国内瑶语则更多地直接搬用;泰国瑶语有一些新创词,创词方式也多用固有词素和语序,国内瑶语则很少有新创词。

Lexical Differences of Yao language between China and Thailand

Yao Ethic in Thailand originates from that of Five-mountain areas in China.Yao Language of Thailand has changed greatly since it separation from its original part.The main differences between the two Yao languages of Thailand and China are as follows:Yao Language in Thailand preserves more native and cultural words relatively,while in China,some of native words are found only in old songs,not in spoken Yao Language,and a large amount of cultural words are disappearing gradually;excepting for old Chinese loan words,there are many loan words borrowed from Thai Language and other languages of Southeast Asia in Yao Language of Thailand,while there are only loan words from Xinan Mandarin in Yao Lang-uage of China;in terms of ways of borrowing,Yao Language of Thailand prefers to borrowing new words by combining their sounds and meanings,while Yao Language of China just borrows their sounds directly;and Yao Language of Thailand created many new words making use of its own morphemes and orders,but Yao Language of China seldom created new words.