汉语文献中的非汉语词语

中国是多民族的国家,因此汉语中也有其他许多民族语的成分。汉代学者扬雄所著《方言》,纪录了一些南方古族的词汇。黄河以北,由于长期种族杂居,故汉语中的非汉语因素较多,主要有匈奴语、突厥语、鲜卑语、蒙古语、女真语和满语。东汉以来,随着佛教的传播和佛经翻译事业的日益兴旺,大批的佛教和梵文的外来语被吸收到古汉语中。

Non-Chinese Words in Chinese Literature

China is a multi-ethnic country, so there are many elements of other national languages in Chinese. Dialect written by Yangxiong, a scholar of the Han Dynasty, has recorded some words of ancient southern races. In the north of Yellow River, where many different races live together for long time, there are more non-Chinese elements in Chinese, mainly including Hsiungnu language, the Turkish, the Xianbei language, Mongolian, the Nuzhen language and the Manchu language. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, along with the dissemination of Buddhism and the development of Buddhist literature translation, a large quantity of loan words from Buddhism and Sanskrit are absorbed in the ancient Chinese.