严复群己权界论解析

严复的《群己权界论》无论是从译名还是从内容看,都忠实地传达了密尔的原意。所谓自由,就是"群己权界",就是政界自由,它与伦理学意义上的个人自由相区别。政界自由是从反对政府干涉的消极意义上讲的,按照伯林的区分,属于消极自由。严复在讨论个人自由和群体自由的关系时,无所谓孰轻孰重。严复的表达与其说是己轻群重,不如说是群先己后。所谓轻重是在价值优先序列上作出判断,所谓先后是在时间优先序列上进行陈述。他在虑及民族危机时提出的"群先己后",其根基依然是密尔的"群己一体"。在严复的思想里,小己自由始终是国群自由的前提和基础,其自由观念是个人本位的。

A Probe of Yan Fu's Ideas of Liberty

Whether from translated term or content,Yen Fu had communicated Mill's original meaning in his On Liberty honestly.So-called liberty is that"the demarcation between individual and social public life".It is different from the individual liberty on ethics significance.And it is to talk from opposing inactivity that the government intervenes,which belongs to passive liberty according to Berlin's differentiation.When discussing relationship between individual liberty and social public free,Yen Fu did not give priority to group.That so-called degree of seriousness is making a judgment on value,while order of priority is to carry out statement on time successively.When having thought over the nation crisis he gave priority to group,but his theory was still based on a union of individual and group.Within Yen Fu's thought,individual liberty is still premise and basis of country group's power.All in all,Yen Fu's concept of liberty is the individual standard.