The impact of childhood neighborhood disadvantage on adult joblessness and income |
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Institution: | 1. Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248, USA;2. Survey Methodology Program/Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, P.O. Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248, USA;1. Department of Political Science, Rutgers University, 89George Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;2. School of Social Work, Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA;1. Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, 3219 Turlington Hall, P.O. Box 117330, Gainesville, FL 32611-7330, United States;2. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska, Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, 218 CPACS, Omaha, NE 68182-0149, United States;3. Department of Criminal Justice, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Box 455009, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States |
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Abstract: | Research on residential inequality focuses heavily on adult economic outcomes as crucial components of the intergenerational transmission of poverty. Yet, empirical evidence on whether youth neighborhoods have a lasting impact on adult economic outcomes at the national level is scarce. Further, we know little about how youth neighborhood effects on adult economic outcomes manifest. This study uses 26 years (14 waves) of restricted panel data from the NLSY79 and the NLSY Children and Young Adults cohorts – data that have never been used to analyze long-term neighborhood effects – to examine whether youth neighborhood disadvantage impacts adult economic outcomes through sensitive years in childhood, teen socialization, duration effects, or cumulative effects. Sibling fixed effects models that net out unobserved effects of shared family characteristics suggest that youth neighborhood disadvantage increases joblessness and reduces income in adulthood. However, exposure across specific developmental stages of youth does not appear to act as a significant moderator while sustained exposure yields pernicious effects on adult economic outcomes. Moreover, these results are robust to alternative variable specifications and cousin fixed effects that net out potentially unobserved confounders, such as the inheritance of neighborhood disadvantage across three generations. |
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Keywords: | Neighborhoods Joblessness Income Fixed effects Timing of exposure |
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