An application of diagonal reference models and time-varying covariates in social mobility research on mortality and fertility |
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| Institution: | 1. Demography Unit, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Sweden;2. Department of Statistics, Stockholm University, Sweden;1. Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 18, 00014, Finland;2. Department of Political and Economic Studies, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 54, 00014, Finland;1. Population Health Research Institute, St George''s, University of London, London, United Kingdom;2. MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, United Kingdom;3. British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom;4. Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College of London, United Kingdom;5. National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College Academic Health Sciences Centre, London, United Kingdom;2. Population Development Studies Center, Renmin University of China, Chongde West Building, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China;1. National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, R Leopoldo Bulhoes 1480, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil;2. Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA;3. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;4. Institute of Studies of Public Health, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av Horacio Macedo S/N, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil;5. Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 210140-360, RJ, Brazil;6. Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av Dr Arnaldo 455, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | In social mobility research, the diagonal reference model (DRM) is argued to best isolate the effect of social mobility from origin and destination status effects. In demographic research, standard analyses of the duration until an event occurs rely heavily on the appropriate use of covariates that change over time. We apply these best-practice methods to the study of social mobility and demographic outcomes in Sweden using register data that covers the years 1996–2012. The mortality analysis includes 1,024,142 women and 747,532 men and the fertility analysis includes 191,142 women and 164,368 men. We identify the challenges inherent in this combination and present strategies with an application to how social mobility is related to both fertility and mortality. Our application is successful at incorporating all requirements related to these methods. Our findings suggest, however, that certain data characteristics, such as a relatively high share of missing data, can be problematic. We also find that controlling for origin and destination status generally provides acceptable estimates of the mobility association in the specific case of Sweden and the relationship between social mobility and both fertility and mortality. |
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