中商时期对四土的经营

中商时期是商代历史发展进程中的重要阶段。该阶段商文化的分布地域比早商时期进一步扩展,商夷同盟的终结与商夷关系的恶化,商朝势力在江淮地区退缩及在长江中游地区的进一步扩张,商文化在渭河西进、东退,中心聚落北移与对北土控制的加强,大体反映了中商时期商朝四土经营与民族整合的基本态势。晚商时期,商朝对四土的控制大为收缩,其中的原因也是多方面的。王玉哲先生关于盘庚迁殷之前商族还处在氏族制到奴隶制的过渡阶段、盘庚迁殷后才算正式跨进奴隶社会的“一家之说”,证据不足,疑点颇多。

Shang Dynasty's Management of Four Territories in the Middle Times

The middle times is a crucial stage during the historical development of the Shang Dynasty. In this time, the regions had a further expandsion compared to the early times. The Union ended and the relations worsened between the Shang Dynasty and the Foreign Races. The influence of the Shang Dynasty flinched in Jiangsu and Anhui but expanded in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. The culture of the Shang Dynasty spread west and drew back east on the two sides of Weihe River. All these reflected the situations about the managements of the four districts and the amalgamation between the different races in the middle times of the Shang Dynasty. But in the later times, the control of the four districts reduced greatly, which was decided by various reasons. The supposed view made by Mr. Wangyuzhe was that before the King Pangeng Migrated the capital city to Yin, the Shang race was in the transitional stage between the clan system to the slavery system and after the migration, the Shang race strode into the slave society.