明遗民的"后王"理想及其恢复期待

在经历了"天崩地解"的明清易代的清初,深刻影响和制约当时社会秩序重建的一个重要因素,就是作为明朝孤臣孽子的明遗民.行为上,他们初则进行武装抗争以保"治统",继而进行文化抗争以保"道统";态度上,他们初则悲愤激切,继而徘徊、分化,终而妥协蜕变.但是,就整体而言,明遗民大多心怀"后王理想"和"恢复期待",至死不渝.武装抗清失败后,他们或者以"后王"为期待,潜心于著述;或者深信"中华无不复之日",蓄养以待.

The Ideal for Intending King and Hoping for Resume of Ming Loyalists

In the dynastic change of Ming and Qing dynasties in the early Qing,it was Ming loyalists that affected and restricted the profound social reconstruction.In behavior,they underwent a shift from armed resistance to cultural resistance.In attitude,they also underwent a variance from grief and indignation to divided prevarication and to split and difference.However,in the light of the whole,most of Ming loyalists strongly hoped for intending king and resume.They either devoted themselves to writing books with hoping for the intending king or waited for resume with the faith that "it is impossible that Han couldn't resume" after lost the war of resisting Qing.