试论傅雷的艺术主体思想——兼谈艺术的审美表现

学贯中西的傅雷先生 ,不仅是现、当代业绩卓著的文学翻译家 ,而且在艺术理论和美学思想上也独有深邃识见。傅雷艺术思想的核心在于突出艺术的主体性。如果说 ,傅雷对于主体性的重要地位及其价值的强调 ,是将艺术的本质、艺术的作用与主体性联系起来考察的话 ,那么 ,对于创作主体的人格结构和审美心理的分析 ,则是贯穿于对作家、艺术家的独特心理的观察与体验 ,体现于对创作主体的审美要求之中的。他认为 ,审美主体需要独具艺术感受与领悟的禀赋和能力 ;能够达到感性与理性的平衡 ,感情与认识的统一 ,并在更高的境界中做到“感情深入”和“心灵化” ;尤其需要不断强化艺术审美的创新意识。同时 ,艺术表现和审美创造的理想规范与达到和谐统一的主要手段和规则 ,亦应与创作主体的整体要求相一致。

On Fu Lei''''s Artistic Subject and Aesthetic Presentation

Fu Lei, with great knowledge both in Chinese and Western learning, is not only an outstanding contemporary translator of literature, but also a profou nd scholar of artistic theory and aesthetic ideology. The core of Fu Lei's artis tic ideology lies in his stress on the artistic subject. If Fu Lei combines arti stic nature, function and subject together when he stresses the importance and v alue of subject, an analysis of the personality structure and aesthetic psycholo gy of the creative subject is woven with his observation and experience on the u nique psychology of authors and artists and it is presented in the aesthetic req uirement to the creative subject. According to Fu Lei, aesthetic subject needs u nique gift or ability in artistic thought and comprehension; he should also acqu ire a balance between sense and sensibility as well as unity between feelings an d recognition, and succeeds in going deep into emotion and heart in a higher sit uation. Meanwhile, the ideal standards of artistic presentation and aesthetic cr eation with the chief means and rules to reach harmonious unity should be in com pliance with the integral requirement of the creative subject.