控制自然与历史唯物主义的重构——格伦德曼的生态马克思主义思想述评

格伦德曼从人类中心主义的视角定义生态问题,回应生态主义者对马克思的指责,指出马克思的＂控制自然＂不应对生态问题负责,事实上恰恰相反,生态问题的出现证明了这种控制的缺失。格伦德曼挖掘了历史唯物主义在当代的潜能,从马克思的伦理理论重构历史唯物主义,形成人道主义模式的历史唯物主义。这种重构展现了马克思对人类幸福和解放的终极关怀,说明马克思主义面对当今生态问题时所具有的生命力,对资本主义的批判动力依然在场;但这种重构也存在着致命的缺陷,从本质上看,格伦德曼偏离了历史唯物主义。

Reconstruction of nature control and historical materialism:a review of Reiner Grundmann's ecological Marxist thought

Reiner Grundmann redefined the ecological problem from the perspective of human centricism and refuted the criticism of ecological supporters against Karl Marx,proposing that Karl Marx＇s control of nature should not be responsible for the ecological problem but rather the ecological problem comes from the absence of control of nature.Grundmann unlocked the potential of historical materialism in the modern age,and reconstructed historical materialism on the basis of Marxist ethics into human-oriented historical materialism.This reconstruction demonstrates Karl Marx＇s ultimate concern for human happiness and liberation,and proves that Marxism is effective in dealing with the ecological problem and criticizing capitalism.Yet,this reconstruction has its fatal defect,that is,Grundmann has deviated from historical materialism if seen from the essence.