北宋剩员制度再探

禁军中的老弱病残通常被降退为剩员,这是北宋兵制的一项制度规定。但北宋禁军有诸班直、上四军、普通禁军等组成,不同禁军降退为剩员的情况各不相同。诸班直军士在北宋前三朝很少被降退为剩员,上四军军士在宋神宗军事改革之前,大多被降退为带甲剩员,带甲剩员在军事改革后逐渐被取缔。普通禁军则被降退为剩员或小分。

Exploration on ShengYuan System in Northern Song Dynasty

In Northern Song dynasty, the sick and elderly of Jin Forces are usually demoted to ShengYuan Forces, which is a rule of the military regulation .The Jin Forces of Northern Song dynasty is made up of Zhubanzhi Forces、Shangsi Forces、Ordinary Forces, etc. How they are demoted is different. The soldiers of Zhubanzhi Forces are rarely demoted as ShengYuan Forces before the three dynasties in Northern Song dynasty.The soldiers of Shangsi Forces are mostly demoted as Daijiashengyuan before the Song Emperor Shenzong’s military reform, but the Daijiashengyuan is gradually banned after the Song Emperor Shenzong＆#39;s military reform .The soldiers of Ordinary Forces are demoted as ShengYuan or XiaoFen.