北朝讲武考论

北朝诸政权多为少数民族所建。北方人民豪放武勇，尚武成风；北朝帝王重视武备，频行讲武。“讲武”于先秦即已产生，然史料疏简，此后各代，亦乏记载。北朝讲武骤增，通过讲武，提高了国家军事实力，积累了宝贵的经验，对唐宋以后“讲武礼”的形成有直接影响。

The Research of Ceremonial Parades in Bei Dynasty

The kaiserdom in Bei Dynasty was mostly built by minority. The people there were respected Kongfu, and they were very brave. And the king in Bei Dynasty sang high praise for Kongfu. To talk about Kongfu was first started in Early Qin Dynasty, because of ; acking of history materials, there were fewer records. According to talk about Kongfu, the country had improved their armies and it made an important influence on Kongfu after the Tang and Song Dynasties.