从制度性底层到结构性底层——由威尔逊《真正的穷人》思考中国底层群体管理问题

美国在急剧的社会转型过程中，形成了以往的社会分层概念体系所不能准确把握的一类群体，即底层群体，他们的本质特征在于与主流社会的就业体系和行为规范体系相断裂。威尔逊敏锐地把握住了这一特征，将聚居区底层群体的形成归因为经济社会体系的结构性转型，颠覆了制度性底层的传统观点，并提出通过形成政治联盟，制定普遍性政策，运用隐秘议程的政治策略建构对底层群体有效的管理机制。本文在借鉴威尔逊理论分析的基础上，结合孙立平的“断裂”论，探析中国底层管理问题。

From the Institutional Underclass to the Structural Underclass: From Wilson's The Truly Disadvantaged Reflecting the Chinese Underclass Management Problems

In the United States， the rapid social transformation process has produced a special kind of group that could not be accurately classified according to the traditional social stratification theoretical system， that is， the underclass. Their essential characteristic is its severance from the employment system and the code of conduct in mainstream society. Wilson has swiftly grasped this characteristic and overthrown the traditional view of the institutional underclass. Instead， he attributes the underclass formation in the residential clusters to the socioeconomic structural transition at the systems level. He then proposes a management mechanism through establishing political alliances， making general policies， and constructing political
strategies with hidden agendas. Based on Wilson’s theory and Sun Liping’s theory of rupture， this paper discusses the Chinese underclass management problems.
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