清代内蒙古西部草原集镇——乌镇商贸探究

乌镇位于今内蒙古巴彦淖尔市乌拉特中旗德令山镇境内,是清代内蒙古西部草原丝茶驼路上的一颗璀璨明珠,也是通往库伦、土谢图汗部及三音诺彦汗部等地商贸中转的重要集镇之一。乌镇约于清代道光时期兴起,咸丰年间旅蒙贸易达到兴盛,光绪至民国9年(1920年)为鼎盛时期。乌镇不但是归化城、包头镇及内地糖茶布匹日用百货商品的中转枢纽,也是包头旅蒙商对外贸易的重要转运集散地。光绪年间,镇内已有资金雄厚的十八家大字号和三十多家中小商号,共计五十余家。这种丝茶驼路上发展起来的边贸集镇,为内蒙古西部地区社会经济发展提供了强劲动力。

Grassland Market Towns in Western Inner Mongolia in Qing Dynasty:On the Commerce in Wuzhen

Wuzhen is located in Delingshan Town,Urad Middle Banner,Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia.It is a bright pearl on the commercial road in the grassland of Western Inner Mongolia in Qing Dynasty.It is also one of the important market towns of commercial traffic.The town arose during Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty,flourished during Xianfeng period and reached its heyday during the period from Guangxu to the 9th year of the Republic of China(1920).Wuzhen was not only the transit hub of Guihua City and the town of Baotou,but also an important transshipment center for foreign business.During the Guangxu period,there were 18 large-scale and more than 30 small and medium-sized firms in the town,totally more than 50.This kind of border trade town developed on the commercial road provided a strong driving force for the social and economic development of western Inner Mongolia.