超稠油改质降黏机理研究

研究了河南超稠油水热供氢催化裂解降黏，以及胜利超稠油水热催化裂解降黏反应机理，结果表明：高温水物化性质的改变有利于稠油水热催化裂解的进行;催化剂不仅使C—S键断裂，而且使C—O键、C—N键也发生了断裂，进一步促进了高温水参与催化裂解反应;在供氢剂与催化剂的协同作用下，供氢剂提供的氢自由基与裂解的基团作用，使聚合反应减弱，生成大分子化合物的量减少，而小分子饱和烃和芳香烃的量则增加，稠油分子的聚集状态发生一定程度的改变；沥青质、胶质中的杂原子含量（如S、O、N）减少，分子之间的相互作用力减弱，氢碳原子比（NH/NC）提高，稠油的黏度进一步降低，品质得到一定程度的改善。

STUDY ON THE UPGRADING AND VISCOSITY-REDUCING MECHANISM OF ULTRA-HEAVY OIL

Upgrading and viscosity reduction mechanism are studied to the Shengli and Henan ultra-heavy oil in this paper.It′s shown that the physical and chemical properties of water are suitable for aquathermolysis at high temperature.The function of catalyst not only breaks C-S bond，but also breaks C-O and C-N bonds and accelerates the reaction of quathermolysis.The synergism between catalyst and hydrogen donor for the viscosity reduction of ultra-heavy oil，there is H produced in the process of aquathermolysis，and thus the down-hole hydrogenation of heavy oil and upgrading of ultra-heavy oil may take place.The amount of saturate and aromatic hydrocarbon increases，the decrease resin and asphaltene may reduce the viscosity of heavy oil.The percentage of resin，asphalt and S，O，N decrease，and H/C increases after the upgrading process.